Single Vee preparations on pipe generally have an included angle of

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The angle between the two bevel faces (the included angle) in a single V-groove pipe joint is chosen to give a workable root opening while keeping heat input and filler metal in balance. A typical single Vee on pipe uses an included angle around 60 to 70 degrees. This size provides enough root access and fusion from the root pass while avoiding excessive groove volume and distortion. If the angle were much smaller (20–30 degrees), the root opening would be tight, making fusion at the root difficult and increasing the chance of lack of penetration. If it were much larger (like 90 degrees), the groove would be wide, needing more filler metal and could lead to excessive weld metal and distortion. An angle in the 45–55 degree range is narrower than usual and can complicate root access for many pipe sizes, so the 60–70 degree range is the preferred general guideline.